French novelist who is best known as the father of the roman policier (detective novel). He has been described as the Edgar Allan Poe (Poe, Edgar Allan) of France.

Gaboriau's prolific imagination and acute observation generated 21 novels (originally published in serial form) in 13 years. He made his reputation with the publication in 1866 of L'Affaire Lerouge (The Widow Lerouge) after having published several other books and miscellaneous writings. His later books, many of them classics of their kind, include Le Crime d'Orcival (1867; The Mystery of Orcival), Monsieur Lecoq (1868), Les Esclaves de Paris (1868; The Slaves of Paris), La Vie infernale (1870; The Count's Millions), and L'Argent des autres (1874; Other People's Money). Gaboriau created the fictional detectives Père Tabaret and Monsieur Lecoq; the latter was a fictional precursor of Sherlock Holmes.