Romanian lawyer, diplomat, journalist, and politician who as foreign minister at the outbreak of World War II tried to maintain Romania's neutrality.

Educated at Geneva and Paris, Gafencu entered journalism after World War I. In 1924 he became editor and publisher of Argus, a leading economic periodical, and in the 1930s he founded Timpul, which soon became Bucharest's leading daily journal. He also established the Orient-Radio news agency. As a member of the National Peasant Party, he was elected to the Romanian Parliament in 1928 and served in various cabinet-level posts. Appointed foreign minister in December 1938 as a gesture to the Western democracies, he tried to balance Romania's East–West relations but was eventually dismissed to appease the Axis powers (June 2, 1940). During 1940–41 he served as minister to the Soviet Union, but, soon after his return to Romania in June 1941, he left for Switzerland. After World War II he settled in Paris, where he represented Romania in postwar peace talks that resulted in the signing of a treaty in February 1947. In November 1947, after a communist government had seized power in Romania, he was sentenced in absentia to 20 years' imprisonment. He wrote Préliminaires de la guerre à l'Est (1944; Prelude to the Russian Campaign, 1945) and Derniers jours de l'Europe (1946; Last Days of Europe, 1948).