city, seat (1850) of McLennan county, north-central Texas, U.S. Waco lies along the Brazos River, some 100 miles (160 km) south of Dallas. It was founded in 1849 on the site of a Waco (Hueco) Indian village near a Texas Ranger (Texas Rangers) fort (1837) in a farming and plantation area.

After the American Civil War Waco became a river-bridge crossing on cattle trails; later its economy was based almost exclusively on cotton, and the coming of the railroad (1881) stimulated economic growth. World War II brought two large air-force installations (now closed) and the beginning of industrialization. Waco still depends partly on crops and livestock, but manufacturing (including clothing, machinery, tires, and glass) and service industries (including tourism) have broadened its economic base. The city is the seat of Baylor University (Southern Baptist; founded 1845), McLennan Community College (1965), and Texas State Technical College (1965), located on the deactivated James Connally Air Force Base.

A violent tornado devastated Waco on May 11, 1953, killing 114 people. On April 19, 1993, after a 51-day standoff with federal agents, nearly 80 members of the Branch Davidian religious group perished in a fire at their compound near Waco.

Waco is also the site of a municipal zoo, the popular Texas Sports Hall of Fame (1992), and the Texas Ranger Hall of Fame and Museum (1976). Other notable attractions include the Dr. Pepper Museum (where the soft drink was first bottled), the Taylor Museum of Waco History, and the Interurban Railway Station Museum (housed in a restored station). Lake Waco, formed in 1923 by damming the Bosque River, is a recreational spot just west of the city. Inc. 1856. Pop. (1990) city, 103,590; Waco MSA, 189,123; (2000) city, 113,726; Waco MSA, 213,517.