city, northwestern Uttar Pradesh state, northern India. It was founded in 1740. Ghaziabad is located on the Grand Trunk Road 12 miles (19 km) east of Delhi. Many workers commute daily to Delhi and New Delhi, where goods produced in Ghaziabad are marketed. Manufactures include vegetable oil, electroplating, tapestries, diesel engines, bicycles, railway coaches, heavy chains, brass brackets, lanterns, glassware, pottery, paint and varnish, and typewriter ribbons. The temples of Dudheshwar Nath and Devi Durga and many scattered Muslim ruins are in the city. There are degree-granting colleges affiliated with Meerut University and road and railway connections to the important towns in northern India. Ghaziabad's surrounding region comprises the part of the upper Indo-Gangetic Plain that is known historically as the land east of the Sapta Sindhu (“Seven Rivers”). There, cereals, pulses (legumes), sugarcane, and oilseeds are cultivated. Pop. (2001) 968,256.