town, southeastern Uttar Pradesh state, northern India. It is located on the Ganges (Ganga) River northeast of Varanasi (Benares). Its ancient name of Gadhipur was changed to Ghazipur about 1330, reputedly in honour of Ghāzī Malik, a Muslim ruler of the Tughluq dynasty. The town was a strategically important river port under the British, whose former cantonment now contains a college, a church, a bazaar, and the mausoleum of Lord Cornwallis (Cornwallis, Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess and 2nd Earl, Viscount Brome, Baron Cornwallis of Eye), a British viceroy who died there in 1805. Ghazipur is an agricultural market with some industry, including perfume making, hand-loom weaving, and an opium factory. The town lies on a major road and two railways. The surrounding region is a tract of alluvial plain traversed by the Ganges River. It is subject to frequent floods and droughts but produces a variety of crops, including opium. Pop. (2001) 95,356.