American engineer who, with his wife, Lillian Gilbreth (Gilbreth, Lillian Evelyn), developed the method of time-and-motion study, as applied to the work habits of industrial employees, to increase their efficiency and hence their output.

Gilbreth ended his formal education after high school and spent time as a bricklayer and as a contracting engineer. After marrying Lillian Moller in 1904, he embarked on a career in scientific industrial management. The two began a professional partnership that focused on applying the social sciences to industry, with an emphasis on streamlining the actions of the worker instead of making changes to the work environment. The Gilbreths developed a method of time-and-motion study that systematically investigated and analyzed the mechanics and timing of specific tasks, and their research resulted in the publication of Motion Study in 1911. The Gilbreths soon published two more books, Fatigue Study (1916) and Applied Motion Study (1917). Frank formed a consulting business at Montclair, N.J., and lectured at various universities in the United States and elsewhere. He was also the first to apply motion-picture photography to the study of surgical operations.

The Gilbreths' application of efficiency methods to their home was described by 2 of their 12 children, Frank Bunker Gilbreth, Jr., and Ernestine Gilbreth Carey, in their humorous popular reminiscences Cheaper by the Dozen (1949; filmed 1950, 2003) and Belles on Their Toes (1950; filmed 1952).