city and port, southern South Australia, on the east coast of Eyre Peninsula opposite Port Pirie and northwest of Adelaide. It was created in 1901 by the Broken Hill Proprietary Company Ltd. (BHP) as the Spencer Gulf terminus of a tramway bringing iron ore from the Middleback Ranges for use as a flux in the lead smelters at Port Pirie. Its name was changed in 1920 from Hummock Hill to Whyalla, an Aboriginal term meaning “place with deep water.” Industrial development was stimulated by World War II. Whyalla exports iron ore and steel and had the largest shipyards in Australia until their operations ceased in 1978. It has blast furnaces, steelworks, heavy engineering works, and salt evaporation facilities for the manufacture of industrial chemicals. Lying in an arid region, the city obtains its water from the Murray River via a pipeline 223 miles (359 km) long, completed in 1944; a second, parallel pipeline was completed in 1966. In 1945 Whyalla came under a combined company and public administration. It became a city in 1961 and adopted full local government status in 1970. Pop. (2006) 21,417.