English poet and Royalist during the reign of Charles I.

Educated at Exeter College, Oxford (1624–27), and at one of the Inns of Court, Godolphin traveled abroad and also became friends with Ben Jonson, Thomas Hobbes, and other men of letters. He was elected a member of the House of Commons (from Helston, Cornwall) in 1628 and was again elected to the Short Parliament in March 1640 and to the Long Parliament in October 1640. A staunch Royalist, he was a supporter of the doomed Earl of Strafford and was one of the last to leave the House of Commons when Charles I ordered his supporters to withdraw. During the first Civil War, he joined the Royalist forces of Sir Ralph Hopton and, at age 33, was killed in action while advancing into Devon.

The Earl of Clarendon paid a notable tribute to Godolphin in his History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England, and Hobbes eulogized him in Leviathan. A few of Godolphin's poems were published in the 17th century; of these, the chief is The Passion of Dido for Aeneas, a translation from Virgil's fourth book of the Aeneid, apparently unfinished at his death and completed and published by the poet Edmund Waller (1658). Other poems survived in manuscript collections. The first complete collection was edited by George Saintsbury, in Minor Poets of the Caroline Period, vol. 2 (1906).