Russian naval officer and seafarer.

Golovnin graduated from the Naval Academy at Kronshtadt in 1792, and from 1801 to 1805 he served as a volunteer in the British navy. In 1807 he was commissioned by the government of Tsar Alexander I to chart the coasts of Russian-held Alaska, the Kuril Islands, and Kamchatka. He sailed around the Cape of Good Hope and arrived in Kamchatka in 1809. In 1811, while attempting to survey one of the Kuril Islands, he was taken prisoner by the Japanese and spent two years in captivity. His Narrative of My Captivity in Japan 1811–1813 (1816) stimulated an interest in Japan throughout the United States and Europe. In 1817, again by government order, Golovnin set out to circumnavigate the globe. Enroute he continued to map the Kuril Islands and Kamchatka coasts. Golovnin later served as the head of shipbuilding and of the commissary of the Russian navy. He greatly strengthened the navy by commissioning about 200 new warships, including the first native-built Russian steamships. His books include Journey to Kamchatka (1819) and Voyage Around the World (1822).