city, one of two capitals (with Zielona Góra) of Lubuskie województwo (province), northwestern Poland, on the Warta River.

Gorzów Wielkopolski began as a castle in the Wielkopolska, or Great Poland, region that was overcome by the margraves of Brandenburg in 1257. The town developed as a commercial centre during the 14th and 15th centuries because of trade with Poland (mainly grain) and the operation of a regular fair. Destroyed during the Thirty Years' War (1618–48), it was rebuilt and grew during the 18th century because of its textile industries and, during the 19th century, with the building of rail lines. Synthetic textile products, engineering, lumber milling, and food processing are economically important. Tourists visit the city cathedral and also attend the International Festival of Gypsy Folk Ensembles. Pop. (2002) 125,914.