British Shakespearean scholar (Shakespeare, William) and educator.

Educated at the University of Cambridge, Wilson was professor of education at King's College, London (1924–35), and regius professor of English literature at the University of Edinburgh (1935–45). Besides serving as chief editor of the New Cambridge edition of William Shakespeare's plays (from 1921), he was a trustee of Shakespeare's birthplace and also of the National Library of Scotland.

Wilson made important if controversial contributions to Shakespearean scholarship by a bold elucidation of textual obscurities and original, stimulating interpretations of the plays. His critical judgments have been variously labeled extreme, faulty, or inspired. His intensive study of Elizabethan handwriting proved helpful in reconstructing Shakespeare's text.

His most famous book, What Happens in Hamlet (1959), is an original reading of that play, and The Fortunes of Falstaff (1943) presents a picture of Falstaff as a force of evil ultimately rejected by the king. His other works include Life in Shakespeare's England: A Book of Elizabethan Prose (1911); The Essential Shakespeare: A Biographical Adventure (1932); Shakespeare's Happy Comedies (1962); and Shakespeare's Sonnets (1963).