town and port, western South Island, New Zealand. Established in 1863 as a government depot at the mouth of the Grey River, on the north Westland Plain, the settlement grew as the result of local gold finds. Originally known as Crescent City and then Blaketown, it was renamed Greytown and, finally, Greymouth after its river, which had been named (1846) after Governor Sir George Grey. It was declared a town in 1864.

With the decline of gold mining, Greymouth became a timber and coal centre. Bituminous coal, discovered in 1848, remains an important industry; sheep and cattle raising and dairying are minor in comparison. The junction of rail and road lines from Westport (94 miles 【151 km】 north) and Hokitika (24 miles 【39 km】 south), Greymouth has coal-gas and engineering plants, as well as railway workshops, breweries, and sawmills; concrete and furniture are also manufactured. Pop. (2001) 9,525.