Danish statesman of the 17th century.

He was born Peder Schumacher to a wealthy Copenhagen family. After study and travel abroad in 1654–62, he returned to enter state service as royal librarian. Soon winning the favour of the absolutist king Frederick III, he became secretary of the king's chamber, in which post he drafted the 1665 Kongeloven (“King's Law”), which was a justification of absolutism. In 1670, the year of the king's death, Schumacher was made Count Griffenfeld. By 1674 he had risen to the post of high chancellor of Denmark under King Christian V.

In foreign policy Griffenfeld sought a neutral course, but he had to yield to the king's desire to go to war against Sweden in 1675. He attempted to maintain good relations with France without consulting with the king, thus providing his many official enemies with an issue that turned the king against him. On Christian V's orders, Griffenfeld was arrested for bribery in 1676, tried, and sentenced to death. His sentence was commuted to life imprisonment at the last moment, and he died in a Norwegian prison.