the world of literary hacks, or mediocre, needy writers who write for hire. The term originated in the 18th century and was frequently used by writers. There was even a Grub-Street Journal. According to Dr. Samuel Johnson's Dictionary (Dictionary of the English Language, A), Grub Street was “originally the name of a street in Moorfields in London, much inhabited by writers of small histories, dictionaries, and temporary poems; whence any mean production is called grubstreet.” The term was a metaphor for the commercial production of printed matter, regardless of whether such matter actually originated on Grub Street itself. The street was renamed Milton Street in 1830. The novelist Tobias Smollett (Smollett, Tobias), himself engaged much of his life in Grub Street hackwork, provided a memorable scene of a Grub Street dinner party in Humphry Clinker. George Gissing's novel New Grub Street (1891) also deals with London literary life.