Wood mice inhabit forests, grasslands, and cultivated fields. They generally live in burrows and build nests of grass and other plants, but during harsh seasons they will move into buildings. Their diet includes seeds, roots, fruit, and insects. Most wood mice are nocturnal and terrestrial; a few, including the striped field mouse, are active during the day, and some, particularly the Japanese wood mouse (A. argenteus), are agile climbers. The long-tailed field mouse (A. sylvaticus) is one of the most intensively studied species in the genus. In Europe it ranges north to Scandinavia and east to Ukraine. This wood mouse is also found in North Africa and on many islands. Once considered indigenous to Iceland, it was probably introduced by European settlers in the 10th and 11th centuries.

Apodemus species are classified in the subfamily Murinae of “true” mice (family Muridae) in the order Rodentia (rodent). Fossils representing 28 species document the past diversity of the genus, with the oldest dating from the Middle Miocene Epoch (16.4 million to 11.2 million years ago) in Europe. Apodemus and Mus (which includes the house mouse) are the only genera of the more than 125 within Murinae that span such a long geologic time period.