Canadian poet whose work shows a development from traditional form and manner to an elliptical poetry that reflects the influence of Anglo-Saxon verse and the metrical experiments of the 19th-century British poet Gerard Manley Hopkins.

Gustafson earned a B.A. in English language and literature from the University of Oxford and then became a tutor and journalist in London. He returned to Canada briefly in 1934 and again in 1938 and then settled in New York after World War II. He later returned again to Canada, teaching at Bishop's University in Lennoxville, Quebec (1963–79).

Gustafson's early volumes of verse, such as The Golden Chalice (1935), Lyrics Unromantic (1942), and Flight into Darkness (1944), were often steeped in antiquity and ancient mythology; they showed a gradually increasing individuality of style and responded to the new approach to poetry espoused by fellow Canadian poets such as A.J.M. Smith (Smith, A.J.M.). Gustafson's later works, which are usually considered his better writings, reflect his passion for travel, music, and the landscapes and seasons of Quebec's Eastern Townships region. They include Rocky Mountain Poems (1960), Rivers Among Rocks (1960), Sift in an Hourglass (1966), Ixion's Wheel (1969), Fire on Stone (1974), Conflicts of Spring (1981), Plummets and Other Partialities and Winter Prophesies (both 1987), Shadows in the Grass (1991), and Tracks in the Snow (1994). Visions Fugitive was published posthumously in 1996. Gustafson also produced two collections of short stories, The Brazen Tower (1974) and The Vivid Air (1980).