Japanese novelist who achieved the first rank among 20th-century writers both for his popularized versions of classical Japanese literature and for his own original novels.

Because of his father's failure in business, Yoshikawa received only a primary-school education, and his early years were difficult. In 1925 he published Kennan jonan (“Troubles with Swords and Women”), and his position as a writer was established with Naruto hichō (1926–27; “A Secret Record of Naruto”). Later, in the romantic tradition, he wrote some light novels, but gradually he turned to a more serious exploration of the human character; he achieved a kind of perfection with the historical novel Miyamoto Musashi (1935–39; Musashi), dealing with the life of a famous samurai. Later he tried to penetrate more deeply into the lives of Japanese historical figures in Shin Heike monogatari (1950–57; The Heike Story) and Shihon taihei-ki (1958–61; “A Private Book of War History”). Yoshikawa's exquisite style, his psychological insight, and his knowledge of history brought him a broad range of readers. In 1960 he became the first popular author to receive the Order of Cultural Merit.