American psychiatrist specializing in child psychiatry and in issues of racial identity and health among African Americans. Poussaint also served as a consultant to popular television programs that featured African American characters.

The son of Haitian immigrants, Poussaint grew up in East Harlem at a time when the neighbourhood included immigrant families from Ireland, Italy, and Puerto Rico. He excelled in literature and music at New York City's prestigious Stuyvesant High School and graduated from Columbia University in 1956. Poussaint went on to study medicine at Cornell University Medical College in New York City, graduating in 1960. Poussaint's youthful observations of drug addiction, racism, and different states of mental health led him toward a career in psychiatry. After working briefly for the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee in 1965, Poussaint began teaching psychiatry at Tufts University, moving to the Harvard Medical School in 1969. In the 1980s he became a script consultant for The Cosby Show (Cosby Show, The), Bill Cosby (Cosby, Bill)'s popular situation comedy (1984–92). In hiring Poussaint, the show aimed to eliminate negative stereotypes while projecting honest and positive images of African American life through the fictitious Huxtable family. Poussaint wrote on a number of topics, including child-rearing, drug addiction, suicide, and black identity. He also coauthored, with Cosby, Come On People: On the Path from Victims to Victors (2007), a critique that addresses what the authors perceived to be a culture of victimization in African American families and communities.