U.S. cultural anthropologist (cultural anthropology) who helped to initiate the anthropological study of contemporary American life. Her first monograph, Life in Lesu (1933), resulted from fieldwork in Melanesia. She studied a rural community in Mississippi about which she wrote in After Freedom: A Cultural Study in the Deep South (1939).

Later she applied the methods of cultural anthropology to the Hollywood motion-picture community, publishing the results as The Dream Factory (1950). Copper Town (1962) deals with cultural changes in South Africa. Her autobiography, Stranger and Friend: The Way of an Anthropologist, was published in 1966.