Polish novelist and playwright of the Naturalist school.

Having tried unsuccessfully to pursue an acting career in Paris, Zapolska started writing cheap, sensationalist novels full of bitterness toward middle-class values, morality, and hypocrisy. Of her several novels written over a period of 20 years, only two have survived in terms of modern readability. Zaszumi las (1899; “The Forest Will Murmur”) is a roman à clef about Polish revolutionaries in Paris. Sezonowa miłość (1905; “Love in the Season”) is a novel about fashionable middle-class life in the resort town of Zakopane. She also wrote plays, mostly melodramas, that had the same ephemeral quality as most of her novels, but one is remembered: Moralność pani Dulskiej (1906; “Mrs. Dulska's Morality”), a comedy-farce about a dominating matriarch of a bourgeois family.