German youth around whom gathered one of the 19th century's most celebrated mysteries.

On May 26, 1828, Hauser was brought before the authorities in Nürnberg, apparently bewildered and incoherent. With him he had a letter purporting to have been written by a labourer, into whose custody, it stated, the boy had been delivered on Oct. 7, 1812, with the proviso that he should be instructed in reading, writing, and the Christian religion but kept in close confinement. Enclosed with this letter was one purporting to have been written by the boy's mother, giving his name and his date of birth and stating that his father was a deceased cavalry officer. At first detained as a vagrant, the boy was later taken under the care of the educationist Georg Daumer. Next, the 4th Earl of Stanhope took the boy under his protection (1832) and sent him to Ansbach, where he became a clerk in the office of the president of the court of appeal, Anselm von Feuerbach. The youth died from a wound that was either self-inflicted or, as he claimed, dealt by a stranger.

It was early alleged that he was the hereditary prince of Baden (afterward proved false), and other fanciful stories became associated with his origins. The case inspired many creative works, including Paul Verlaine's poem in Sagesse (1881); the novels by Jacob Wassermann (1908), Sophie Hoechstetter (1925), and Otto Flake (1950); the play by Erich Ebermayer (1928); and the film directed by Werner Herzog (1974).