city, east-central Hunan (Henan) sheng (province), China. Situated 15 miles (25 km) east of Xiangtan on the east bank of the Xiang River, Zhuzhou, until the beginning of the 20th century, was only a minor market town and river port.

Its rise to importance came only with the construction of a modern transportation infrastructure in the region and the opening of the Pingxiang collieries in Jiangxi province to the east, which provided coking coal for the ironworks at Hanyang (now part of Wuhan) in Hubei province to the north. A railway was built from Pingxiang to Zhuzhou, whence the coal was shipped by water to Hankou (also now part of Wuhan). Zhuzhou was later connected by rail lines to Guangzhou (Canton) (Canton), Hankou, Changsha, and Nanchang, among other cities. Zhuzhou has thus become an important rail junction. It has water communications with southern Hunan and also is the focus of a network of local highways.

The full benefits of these developments were delayed by the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War of 1937–45. Northern Hunan was the centre of severe fighting during much of the war, and in 1944 a great Japanese offensive overran Zhuzhou, which remained under Japanese occupation until the end of the war.

Under the People's Republic of China, Zhuzhou was designated as a major centre for industrial development. A large thermal power plant was installed with Soviet aid and came into operation in 1957. A major chemical fertilizer plant was also completed in the late 1950s, and another began operating in 1960. The surrounding area has rich mineral resources, which include iron, lead, manganese, zinc, tungsten, copper, and antimony. A large metallurgical industry, producing considerable quantities of lead, zinc, and copper, has developed. Zhuzhou's output of nonferrous metals, hard alloys, and plate glass now constitutes a large proportion of China's production in those areas.

Zhuzhou's facilities as a transport centre have been greatly improved since 1949. The port facilities were redeveloped, and a freight yard—one of the largest in southern China—was built in the late 1950s. Zhuzhou also became a major producer of rolling stock, turning out railroad cars and electric locomotives. Pop. (2002 est.) city, 580,540; (2007 est.) urban agglom., 1,080,000.