city, Saxony Land (state), Germany. It lies on the Zwickauer Mulde River, at the entrance to the western Ore Mountains (Erzgebirge), south of Leipzig. Slavic in origin, it was mentioned in 1118 as a trading centre. It developed as a German imperial city between 1135 and 1145 and became a royal market about 1150. About 1200 it passed to the Wettin margraves of Meissen. Thomas Müntzer (Müntzer, Thomas), the German radical reformer, preached there in 1520–21.

The economy is dominated by the manufacture of automobiles, machinery, chemicals, electrical products, precision instruments, wood products, paper, and foodstuffs. Publishing is also important. The city was bombed in World War II, but most of the damage has been repaired. The most noteworthy of its churches are St. Mary's Church (1465–1536; restored 1883–91) and the Romanesque-Gothic St. Catherine's Church (1212–19). Other notable buildings are the Gewandhaus (cloth merchants' hall; 1522–36), the 15th-century town hall, and Osterstein Castle (1565–85). The composer Robert Schumann (Schumann, Robert) was born in Zwickau in 1810; a Schumann Museum was established in 1955. The city also features a municipal museum. Pop. (2003 est.) 99,846.