English princess and duchesse d'Orléans, a notable figure at the court of her brother-in-law King Louis XIV of France.

The youngest child of England's King Charles I (beheaded 1649), she was reared as an exile by her mother, Henrietta Maria, in Paris. Her brother Charles II was restored to the English throne in 1660, and on March 30, 1661, Henrietta was married to Philippe de France, duc d'Orléans, the homosexual brother of Louis XIV. Since her husband ignored her, Henrietta had a brief affair with the King and then formed a liaison with Armand de Gramont, comte de Guiche. In 1670 she went to England and played a vital role in the secret negotiations with Charles II that led to the Treaty of Dover (Dover, Treaty of), allying England and France against the Dutch. Shortly after returning to France she died suddenly. It was generally believed that she had been poisoned by one of her husband's friends, but historians have concluded that she died of natural causes, perhaps of a ruptured appendix. Marie-Louise, one of her two surviving daughters by Orléans, became the wife of King Charles II of Spain; the other, Anne-Marie, eventually queen of Sardinia, is the ancestress of the 19th- and 20th-century Jacobite pretenders to the throne of England.