the first Saudi Arabian citizen, the first Arab, the first Muslim, and the first member of a royal family to travel into space.

Educated in the United States, Salmān received a degree in mass communications from the University of Denver (Denver, University of) and earned a master's degree in social and political science from the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at Syracuse University. He later worked at the Ministry of Information in Saudi Arabia as a researcher and served as the deputy director for the Saudi Arabian Olympic Information Committee at the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles. In 1985 he was commissioned as an officer in the Royal Saudi Air Force and served as a fighter pilot. He retired from military service with the rank of colonel.

Later that year Salmān was chosen by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) as a payload specialist for the STS-51G space shuttle mission. He embarked on an abbreviated training schedule, and on June 17, 1985, Salmān flew on the space shuttle Discovery as part of a seven-member international crew. During the seven-day mission, Salmān represented the Arab Satellite Communications Organization (ARABSAT) and took part in the deployment of the organization's satellite, ARABSAT-1B. While in space, he also carried out a series of experiments that had been designed by Saudi scientists, including an ionized gas experiment set up by another member of the Saudi royal family for his Ph.D. dissertation and an experiment concerning the behaviour of oil and water when mixed in zero gravity. Salmān also spoke to his uncle, King Fahd, by telephone while in space and conducted a guided tour of the space shuttle's interior in Arabic, which was broadcast on television channels in the Middle East. The shuttle landed back on Earth on June 24, 1985.

Upon his return, Salmān became a founding member of the Association of Space Explorers, an international organization for astronauts (astronaut) and cosmonauts who have traveled into space, and served on its board of directors. His unique accomplishments brought him numerous state honours, particularly from Muslim and Arab countries such as Pakistan, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Morocco, and Syria.

Salmān was appointed as the first secretary-general of the Supreme Tourism Commission in Saudi Arabia when the organization was formed in 2000. In this position, he worked to expand and enhance the tourism sector in his country by playing a leading role in developing the country's tourism strategy and devising the industry's regulations. In 2008 his term of service was extended at a ministerial rank for another four years.