town, western Iraq. Located on the Euphrates River and on a main road connecting Iraq and Syria, it is a local trade centre for crops grown in the fertile strip along the river below the cliffs of the desert. A town with a similar name has existed on or near the present site at least since the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. By the 14th century AD the town was on an island in the river; on it, ruins can still be seen. In the 17th century it occupied both riverbanks, and amīrs of the powerful al-Mwali tribe lived there. The Persians sacked ʿĀnah during this period, and the town suffered frequent raids from desert peoples, leading to its decline. It remained a staging post on the route to the Mediterranean Sea until the advent of motor transport, which follows a more southerly route. ʿĀnah is now confined to the river's south bank. Pop. (latest est.) 6,197.