town in southern Oman, situated on the coast of the Arabian Sea. The town is located in the only part of the Arabian Peninsula touched by the Indian Ocean monsoon and thus is verdant during the summer. Ṣalālah is the historic centre of Dhofar, famous in ancient times as a source of frankincense, and was described by Marco Polo in the 13th century as a prosperous city. Although it declined in wealth and importance in succeeding centuries, Ṣalālah did not come under the rule of the sultans of Oman until the 1800s. From 1932 until he was deposed in July 1970, Sultan Saʿīd ibn Taymūr ruled the country, then called Muscat and Oman, from Ṣalālah.

After an insurrection centred in Dhofar ended in 1975, the government began to develop the Ṣalālah area. Projects included a large modern hospital and a hotel. The town's airport was upgraded to international standards, and a paved road was built linking Ṣalālah with the north. In 2006 a free-trade zone was established in Ṣalālah. The town trades in agricultural products from the surrounding coastal plain. Ṣalālah's port is located at Raysūt, to the southwest. Pop. (2005 est.) 171,074.