town, northwestern Yemen, in the mountainous Yemen Highlands. It was the original capital of the Zaydī dynasty of imams (religious-political leaders) of Yemen (AD 860–1962). The effective founder of Ṣaʿdah as a base of Zaydī power was Imam Yaḥyā al-Hādī ilā al-Ḥāqq I (reigned 893–911). Under his successors the dynasty briefly extended its power to embrace most of eastern Arabia, from the Hejaz (Al-Ḥijāz) to southern Yemen.

After the 17th-century move of the Zaydī capital to Sanaa (110 miles 【175 km】 south-southeast), Ṣaʿdah declined in national importance, though it has long been an administrative centre of the northern part of the country. Traditional local industries have included the manufacture of leather goods and of stoneware vessels for food preservation. Pop. (1994) 27,621.