Puerto Rican politician and lawyer, who served as governor of Puerto Rico (1973–77; 1985–93).

Hernández Colón was a graduate of Johns Hopkins University (1956) and the University of Puerto Rico Law School (1959). He became a protégé of Governor Luis Muñoz Marín (Muñoz Marín, Luis) and joined the Popular Democratic Party (PDP), which backed commonwealth status. Hernández Colón asserted that either statehood or independence would result in the island's economic and political ruin. In 1968 he was elected to the Senate, and he later became leader of the PDP.

In 1972 Hernández Colón defeated Luis A. Ferré (Ferré, Luis A.) to become Puerto Rico's youngest governor. Once in office, he sought to make Puerto Rico less dependent economically on the United States. He pursued a greater Puerto Rican role in world trade, immigration control, communications, and transport while favouring the commonwealth's retention of U.S. citizenship, common defense arrangements, and a common economic market. Hernández Colón also vigorously opposed Cuban intervention in the island's affairs, alleging that there were ties between Fidel Castro (Castro, Fidel)'s regime and the Puerto Rican Socialist Party.

Unable to stem rising unemployment, Hernández Colón was defeated by Carlos Romero Barceló in the 1976 election. He narrowly lost his 1980 bid to regain the governorship but won the election in 1984. Unemployment continued to be a concern, and he remained a vocal opponent of U.S. statehood. Reelected in 1988, Hernández Colón chose not to seek a fourth term in 1992.