German Protestant theologian, professor of church history (University of Halle, 1847–54) and New Testament exegesis (University of Erlangen, 1854–77), and authority on the Hussite-Waldensian church. He compiled and edited the standard theological reference work Real-Encyklopädie für protestantische Theologie und Kirche (22 vols., 1854–68), which was published in an abridged English version as The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge (13 vol., 1951–54).