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词条 Hillsborough
释义
Hillsborough
New Hampshire, United States
also spelled Hillsboro
town (township), Hillsborough county, southwestern New Hampshire, U.S., on the Contoocook River, west-southwest of Concord. The town includes the communities of Hillsborough, Hillsborough Center, Hillsborough Lower Village, and Hillsborough Upper Village. Granted in 1748 and named for John Hill, one of the Masonian Proprietors (a group of colonial-era landowners in New Hampshire), it was incorporated in 1772. It is a light industrial and agricultural centre but is known primarily as the birthplace of Franklin Pierce (Pierce, Franklin), 14th president of the United States; his homestead (1804) is preserved. Pat's Peak Ski Area and Franklin Pierce Lake are nearby. Area 44 square miles (113 square km). Pop. (1990) 4,498; (2000) 4,928.
North Carolina, United States
town, seat of Orange county, north-central North Carolina, U.S., on the Eno River about 10 miles (16 km) northwest of Durham. Laid out in 1754 on the site of a Native American village (Acconeech or Occaneechi), it was initially called Orange, then Corbinton (for Francis Corbin, a colonial official), and in 1759 it was incorporated as Childsburgh (for Thomas Childs, the provincial attorney general). It was renamed Hillsboro in 1766 to honour Wills Hill (1718–93), earl of Hillsborough, then secretary of state for the colonies; it became Hillsborough in 1965. In 1768–71 the town was the focus of disturbances by the Regulators (Regulators of North Carolina) (colonials who fought against high taxes and legal fees and corrupt royalist officials), and during the American Revolution it served for a time as state capital. It was the site of the third provincial congress (1775), and the General Assembly met there in 1778, 1780, and 1782–84. British troops under Lord Cornwallis (Cornwallis, Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess and 2nd Earl, Viscount Brome, Baron Cornwallis of Eye) occupied the town in 1781 prior to the Battle of Guilford Courthouse. The first state convention to ratify the U.S. Constitution was held there in 1788, but the vote failed; the Constitution was ratified the following year at Fayetteville. Many Revolution-era buildings have been preserved, including Heartsease, home of Governor Thomas Burke and scene of his capture by Tories in 1781.
An industrial economy prevails based on textiles and furniture, although manufacturing is becoming more diversified. Eno River State Park is just to the east. Pop. (1990) 4,263; (2000) 5,446.
county, New Hampshire, United States
county, southern New Hampshire, U.S., bordered to the south by Massachusetts. It is a hilly upland region drained by the Merrimack (Merrimack River), Piscataquog, and other rivers and dotted with numerous small lakes, including Franklin Pierce Lake and Powder Mill Pond. Public lands include Clough, Greenfield, Miller, and Silver Lake state parks, as well as Fox, Vincent, and Casalis state forests. Timberland is largely white pine, with stands of maple, birch, beech, spruce, and fir. The county contains several covered truss bridges from the 19th century.
Abenaki Indians of the Penacook Confederacy inhabited the region before European colonists in 1769 established Hillsborough, one of New Hampshire's original counties. It was named for Wills Hill, earl of Hillsborough. Early industries included soapstone quarrying in Francestown, from 1794, and cotton milling in New Ipswich, from 1803. Notable natives of the county included U.S. President Franklin Pierce (Pierce, Franklin), born in Hillsborough in 1804, and newspaper editor Horace Greeley (Greeley, Horace), born in Amherst in 1811.
Hillsborough county is the manufacturing centre of the state because of the industrial cities that line the Merrimack River valley: Manchester, Nashua (the county seat), Merrimack, and Hudson. Amoskeag Falls has long provided hydropower for industry in Manchester, New Hampshire's largest city. These cities contributed to the county's status as a leading producer of textile goods before World War II. Since diversified, the economy now depends upon the manufacture of paper products, iron and steel, computer terminals, electrical equipment, and optical instruments. Hillsborough is the most populous county in the state. Area 876 square miles (2,270 square km). Pop. (2000) 382,388; (2007 est.) 402,302.
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