town on the west coast of South Island, New Zealand. It lies at the mouth of the Hokitika River, which rises in the Southern Alps and, fed by the Mungo, Whitcombe, and Kokatahi rivers, flows northward 40 mi (64 km) to Westland Bight of the Tasman Sea. A store was erected at the river mouth in 1864. Hokitika grew with the discovery of gold and reached a peak population of 50,000 in 1866 with the “Australian invasion” of miners. By 1868, when it was made a borough, the population was already in decline. Hokitika was once a port, but the expense of building protective works and dredging caused that function to be abandoned. On both the South Westland Highway and a rail line to Christchurch (169 mi southeast), Hokitika serves a region of dairy, beef, and sheep farming; gold mining (on the nearby Taramakau River); and lumbering. Greenstone, a type of jade, is quarried in nearby rivers and mountains. The town has joinery, dairy, coal-gas, brewing, and general engineering works and sawmills. It is also a major stopover for tourists visiting the river gorge and Lake Kaniere. The name Hokitika means “return in a straight line” in Maori. Pop. (2001) 3,480.