pioneering Chinese dramatist and filmmaker.

Educated in Beijing and at Harvard University in the United States, Hong Shen taught dramatic arts and Western literature at various universities after his return to China in 1922. He was invited to join the Shanghai Dramatic Society in 1923 and soon began directing plays by modern Chinese authors, including himself, and by Western writers whom he translated (e.g., Oscar Wilde's Lady Windermere's Fan in 1924).

In 1930 Hong joined the Star Motion Picture Company and produced one of China's first sound films. In 1932 the company sent him to Hollywood to study film technique. On his return he produced a highly successful anti-Japanese film. An active member of the Left-Wing Dramatists League in the 1930s, Hong often included a strong political message in his carefully staged productions. During the Sino-Japanese War (1937–45), he directed touring companies in plays boosting wartime morale for the Nationalist government.