Horowitz entered the Kiev conservatory at age 12. While a student, he preferred composing to giving concerts, and only after his family had been left destitute by World War I and the Russian Revolution did he make his concert debut (1922, Kharkov). His reputation was assured in the Soviet Union when, at age 20, he played a series of 23 recitals in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg) with no duplications, performing a total of more than 200 works. Spectacular successes followed in European and American tours. In 1933 he married Arturo Toscanini's daughter, Wanda. He settled in the United States in 1940, becoming a citizen in 1944. From 1953 to 1965 he withdrew completely from the concert stage, although he continued to make recordings. His return to the American concert stage after 12 years' absence and again briefly in 1974 and 1981 were musical events of great moment. Then, in 1982, after 31 years' absence he capped his career by touring Europe once again. In 1986 he returned to the Soviet Union to perform two concerts. His final tour was a series of recitals in Europe in 1987. He was buried in the Toscanini family plot in Milan, Italy.