city, seat (1834) of Terrebonne parish, southeastern Louisiana, U.S., situated about 50 miles (80 km) southwest of New Orleans. It lies along Bayou Terrebonne and the Intracoastal Waterway and is connected to the Gulf of Mexico (Mexico, Gulf of) by the Houma Navigation Canal, 36 miles (58 km) long. In the 1760s, Acadians (Acadia) originally from Nova Scotia settled in the area, which was then occupied by the Houma Indians. Founded about 1810 and named for the Houma, the settlement early developed as a fishing, fur, and shrimp port.

Houma now is a centre for seafood and lumber products and has industries that refine and ship locally produced petroleum, natural gas, sulfur, and sugar. The city is noted for its numerous waterways, and many antebellum homes, including the Southdown Plantation (c. 1859), are in the vicinity. A U.S. government sugar experimental station is nearby. Pointe-au-Chien Wildlife Management Area, established in 1968, is about 12 miles (19 km) to the southeast. Inc. town, 1843; city, 1898. Pop. (1990) city, 30,495; Houma MSA, 182,842; (2000) city, 32,393; Houma MSA, 194,477.