city, central Peru. It is located on the bank of the Huallaga River in a cool, dry intermontane basin. In 1539 the Spaniard Gómez Alvarado founded the town of León de Los Caballeros de Huánuco (“Lion of the Gentlemen of Huánuco”) on the site of the Inca regional centre now known as Huánuco Viejo (“Old Huánuco”). The town was later moved 50 miles (80 km) to its present site because of the hostile environment of its original location. Huánuco rose to prominence during the colonial era as a centre of missionary activity, and its citizens were early agitators for independence from Spain.

Present-day Huánuco is a trade centre for the surrounding agricultural region, which produces sugarcane, cotton, coffee, cacao, and fruit. Cotton gins and sugar mills are located nearby. The pleasant climate, the colonial churches (San Cristóbal and San Francisco), and the city's proximity to pre-Columbian ruins at Kotosh make it a popular tourist resort. The Hermilio Valdizán National University was established there in 1964. Airlines and highways link Huánuco to Lima and to cities in the east. A section of the Trans-Amazon Highway, from Huánuco to Aguaytia, was opened in the late 1970s. Pop. (2005) 68,985.