city, central Colombia, on the eastern slopes of the Andean Cordillera Central (Central Mountains). Founded as San Bonifacio de Ibagué in 1550 on the site of an Indian village, it was moved to its present location, on a plain 4,216 feet (1,285 metres) above sea level, because of Indian attacks. It was the capital of the republic for a short time in 1854. The rapid expansion of coffee planting on the slopes above the city contributed to its growth, especially after 1890. The plain and the neighbouring valleys produce cacao, tobacco, rice, and sugarcane. Tolima University in Ibagué (founded in 1945) was given university status in 1954. The city is situated on the road that crosses the Boquerón del Quindío (Quindío Pass) into the Cauca Valley. This road connects Armenia and Bogotá, and Ibagué's location along this route has made the city an important commercial centre. Pop. (2003 est.) 412,820.