the largest entirely indigenous Christian church in the Philippines. Its members assert that the early Christian church was restored in God's chosen nation, the Filipinos, when Felix Manalo launched this church in 1914. Rapid growth after 1945 produced some 600,000 members by the late 20th century, imposing chapels throughout the nation, and a wealthy centralized organization. Strong discipline from the leaders dictates a literal interpretation of the Bible and suggests individual contributions and the casting of votes, making the church a substantial political power. Unitarian in theology and Philippine in its languages, liturgy, and music, the church represents a popular Filipino nationalist movement for spiritual independence.