city, southeastern Bahia estado (state), northeastern Brazil. It is situated just east of Itabuna near the mouth of the Cachoeira River on Ilhéus Bay, an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean. An old Portuguese colonial settlement that was originally named São Jorge dos Ilhéos (1532), it was given city status in 1881. Most of Brazil's cacao is grown in the locality, and Ilhéus was consequently long one of the world's most important cacao ports before this crop fell into precipitous decline in Brazil during the late 20th century. Cocoa butter, rubber, chemicals, furniture, and timber are also exported. The city was used as a setting by the writer Jorge Amado (Amado, Jorge) in his writings on Brazilian society. Ilhéus has good road and air connections with Salvador, the state capital, and attracts a fair number of tourists. A hydroelectric plant northwest of Ilhéus supplies energy to the area. Pop. (2005 est.) 161,400.