Russian actor of stage and screen, especially well known for his comic portrayals of rogues and buffoons.

Although Ilinsky debuted at the Novy Theatre in William Shakespeare's The Merry Wives of Windsor, it was not until he became associated with the experimental productions of Vsevolod Yemilyevich Meyerhold (Meyerhold, Vsevolod Yemilyevich) during the 1920s that Ilinsky became prominent. Among the notable roles he created under Meyerhold's direction are Istlen in Émile Verhaeren's The Dawn (1920), Bruno in Fernand Crommelynck's Magnificent Cuckold (1922), and Prisypkin in Vladimir Mayakovsky's Bedbug (1928). He is perhaps best remembered for his creation of the role of Chlestakov in Meyerhold's world-famous revival of Nikolay Gogol's Inspector General (1926). Ilinsky recreated the role in 1938 at the Maly Theatre, where he acted and directed until 1985.

Ilinsky's film career paralleled his stage work, beginning in 1924, when he appeared as Krivcov, a private detective, in Yakov Protazanov's Aelita. Later works include The Cigarette Girl of Mosselprom (1924) and Volga Volga (1938).

In 1967 Ilinsky was awarded the Order of Lenin. He wrote an autobiography, Sam O Sebe (1961; “About Myself”).