town, northern Jordan. The town was built on successive Early Bronze Age settlements and was possibly the biblical Beth Arbel and the Arbila of the Decapolis, a Hellenistic league of the 1st century BCE through the 2nd century CE. The population of Irbid swelled in the late 19th century, and prior to 1948 it served as a significant centre of transit trade.

Modern Irbid is one of Jordan's industrial areas as well as an agricultural centre for Jordan's most fertile region. The many springs in the area, in addition to the Yarmūk River, provide water for the irrigation of crops. Yarmūk University (1976) offers instruction in both Arabic and English, with numerous faculties in the arts and sciences, education, law, and engineering. Jordan University of Science and Technology (1986) is also located in Irbid. Pop. (2004 est.) 250,645.