city, north-central Punjab state, northwestern India. Jalandhar is an ancient city; in the 7th century CE it was the capital of a Rajput kingdom. The third largest city in the state, it is an important rail and road junction and a trade centre for agricultural products. Its industries include manufacturing, tanning, weaving, and carpentry, and it has a large sporting-goods industry. Jalandhar is surrounded by several suburbs and has a large cantonment to the south and an airfield 9 miles (14 km) to the east. It has colleges affiliated with Guru Nanak Dev University and several state government offices. Jalandhar's surrounding area is on a level, fertile alluvial plain, most of which is under cultivation. Principal crops are wheat, corn (maize), cotton, sugarcane, and gram (chickpeas). Pop. (2001) 706,043.