politician and veterinarian who was The Gambia's prime minister from 1962 to 1970 and its president from 1970 until he was overthrown in 1994.

The son of a Mande trader, Jawara was educated at a Methodist boys' school, studied veterinary medicine at the University of Glasgow in Scotland, and qualified as a veterinary surgeon in 1953. Returning to The Gambia, he became principal veterinary officer of that British colony in 1957. Jawara had become interested in politics, and in 1959 he joined the Protectorate People's Party. He changed its name to the People's Progressive Party and became its leader. In the elections of 1960 he won a seat in the Gambian legislature and was appointed minister of education in the government. He resigned his ministerial post in 1961 when the British government picked a rival Gambian leader to serve as the country's interim prime minister preparatory to new elections.

The People's Progressive Party won the general elections of 1962, and Jawara became The Gambia's prime minister. He led his country into independence from Great Britain three years later. Under his leadership, the tiny nation of The Gambia became one of Africa's few successful parliamentary democracies; Jawara's ruling People's Progressive Party won six successive elections (1966, 1972, 1977, 1982, 1987, 1992) under completely free conditions after independence in 1965. He was knighted in 1966. Jawara served as president from 1970, when a republican constitution was adopted to replace the former monarchy under the British sovereign. Jawara survived an attempted coup in 1981 with help from neighbouring Senegal, with which Gambia joined in a confederation called Senegambia from 1981 to 1989. Jawara was overthrown in July 1994 in a military coup led by Capt. (later Col.) Yahya Jammeh. Jawara and his family were given asylum in Senegal and later lived in exile in London. In late 2001 Jammeh granted amnesty to Jawara, who returned to The Gambia in 2002. Although Jawara was barred from participating in national politics, he was active in regional affairs through his work with the Economic Community of West African States.