American prelate who in 2006 became the first female presiding bishop of the Episcopal Church (Episcopal Church in the United States of America) in the United States.

Jefferts was raised as a Roman Catholic and educated by nuns at a convent school until her parents began attending Episcopal services when she was nine. She earned a bachelor's degree (1974) in biology from Stanford University and a master's (1977) and doctorate (1983) in oceanography from Oregon State University, where she specialized in the evolution of squids and octopuses of the northeastern Pacific. In 1979 she married Richard Schori, a theoretical mathematician. She was an oceanographer with the National Marine Fisheries Service in Seattle before her ordination (1994) into the priesthood. Jefferts Schori served as assistant rector of the Episcopal Church of the Good Samaritan in Corvallis, Ore., until her election as bishop of Nevada in 2001. That year she received a doctorate of divinity from the Church Divinity School of the Pacific in Berkeley, Calif., where she had received a master's in divinity in 1994.

In 2003 Jefferts Schori was one of the bishops who voted to confirm the election of the Rev. V. Gene Robinson as bishop of the diocese of New Hampshire—the first openly gay man to be elected an Anglican bishop. Three years later she was nominated to serve as presiding bishop of the Episcopal Church. After defeating six men in the election at the church's General Convention in Columbus, Ohio, in June 2006, she became the first woman chosen as a primate in the 400-year history of the Anglican Communion. Jefferts Schori was formally installed on Nov. 4, 2006. Her election—praised by progressives and criticized by conservatives—intensified the growing division within the Anglican Communion.