city, Tatarstan republic, Russia, on the left bank of the Stepnoy (Steppe) Zay River. It was founded in 1950 in connection with the discovery of petroleum in the area. Crude oil is sent from Almetyevsk to refineries at Perm and Kstovo (near Nizhny Novgorod) through pipelines completed in 1957. Almetyevsk is also the primary source of crude oil piped to eastern Europe. Local factories produce tires and ferroconcrete materials. Pop. (2006 est.) 141,675.