emperor of Nicaea whose brief reign as a minor was filled with intrigue and conspiracies that culminated in the seizure of power by Michael Palaeologus, the future Byzantine emperor Michael VIII (Michael VIII Palaeologus).

John IV's parents were the Nicaean emperor Theodore II Lascaris (reigned 1254–58) and Helen, a daughter of the Bulgarian tsar John Asen II. Eight years old when his father died, John was advised by his regent George Muzalon, a trusted friend of the former emperor. But Muzalon was assassinated nine days after Theodore's death by associates of Michael Palaeologus, who then became regent. Michael proclaimed himself emperor and was crowned coemperor with John in December 1258. He was crowned sole ruler in August 1261 in the church of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople, after his troops retook the city from its Latin rulers. Relegated to the background since 1258, John IV was then blinded and imprisoned in a fortress on the south shore of the Sea of Marmara.