city, northeastern Santa Catarina estado (state), southern Brazil, on the Rio Cachoeira adjacent to Boa Vista, near the end of Baía (bay) de São Francisco, at 20 feet (6 metres) above sea level. Established as a city in 1887 from the former colony of Dona Francisca, Joinville has become a modern industrial city and is the centre of Brazil's compressor and refrigeration manufacture. Auto parts, chemicals, and plastics are also produced. Iron, steel, lead, flour, and cotton manufactured in the city are exported along with large quantities of timber via the port of São Francisco do Sul (42 miles 【68 km】 to the northeast) and by highway and railroad to other urban centres in Santa Catarina such as Blumenau and Itajaí. Canadians reforested the Joinville area during the late 1970s for timber and cellulose (from carnauba palms, pine, and eucalyptus). Tourist attractions include an archaeological museum and a cathedral, while much local attention centres on the city's substantial football (soccer) stadium. Pop. (2005 est.) 470,500.