city, Craighead county, northeastern Arkansas, U.S. It lies on Crowley's Ridge, bordering the Mississippi River valley, about 68 miles (109 km) northwest of Memphis, Tennessee. Founded as the county seat in 1859 and laid out by J.N. Burk on land donated by Fergus Snoddy, it was named for state senator William A. Jones. It was incorporated as a city in 1883, soon after the railroads reached the area. Jonesboro prospered as a sawmilling town until local timber was exhausted before 1910, by which time it had become an agricultural market and processing centre. Its growth was fostered by the foundation in 1909 of a state agricultural school, which later became Arkansas State University. In 1958 the city boundaries were extended to include Nettleton.

Industry diversified after World War II. The economy is now based on the manufacture of such goods as conveyor systems, tractor trailers, molding, and glass containers; food processing and commercial printing services are also important. Jonesboro was the home of Hattie Caraway (Caraway, Hattie Ophelia) (1878–1950), the first woman to be elected to the U.S. Senate (following her husband's death; she was elected to his seat and served 1932–45). Pop. (2000) 55,515; (2006 est.) 60,489.