city, southeastern Minas Gerais estado (state), Brazil. It is situated in the deep Paraibuna River valley between the Orgãos and Mantiqueira ranges. Formerly known as Paraibuna, Juiz de Fora is the centre of a highly developed agricultural region producing rice, bananas, sugarcane, coffee, and other crops and livestock. It is a large manufacturing centre and is known especially for its textiles and plastics. Automotive manufacturing and other mechanical industries are also located here. The city is home to the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (1960), such museums as the Mariano Procopio (ecology), Rodoviário (bus), and Núcleo Histórico Ferroviário (railroad), and a sizable football (soccer) stadium. Juiz de Fora has a commercial airport and is on the main highway and railroad between Rio de Janeiro (80 miles 【130 km】 south) and Belo Horizonte, the state capital, about 175 miles (282 km) northwest. Pop. (2005 est.) 497,000.