smallest ken (prefecture) of Shikoku, Japan, facing the Inland Sea opposite Okayama prefecture, Honshu. Its area of 727 square miles (1,883 square km) includes Shōdo and other offshore islands. The climate is warm with little rain; the prefecture is drained by numerous rivers (including the Kōtō and Doki) and is dotted with lakes. The Yashima promontory, overlooking the Inland Sea, was the scene of a major sea battle between the Taira (Heike) and Minamoto (Genji) clans in 1184.

Rice, barley, and wheat are the main crops; mandarin oranges are grown in the south, and olives are raised on Shōdo Island. Much of Japan's salt is mined in Kagawa prefecture; and lacquer, work gloves, and fans are major manufactures. The quarries of Shōdo Island are believed to have yielded the rock from which the first Ōsaka Castle was built.

Takamatsu is the prefectural capital. As the chief port for communication with Honshu, it is a major tourist centre for Shikoku and the Inland Sea National Park. Tamamo Park contains the ruins of the 16th-century Takamatsu Castle, and Ritsurin Park is considered to be one of the best examples of Japanese landscape gardening. The 19th-century Kotohira (Kompira) Shrine at Kotohira, 19 miles (31 km) to the southwest, attracts many pilgrims. Pop. (1989 est.) 1,027,000.